caput medusae

Caput Medusae

Term type

Name of a clinical sign

Definition

The appearance of distended and engorged umbilical veins which are seen radiating from the umbilicus across the abdomen to join systemic veins. The name (Latin: "head of Medusa") originates from the apparent similarity to Medusa's hair once Minerva had turned it into snakes.

Causes

It is a sign of severe portal hypertension that has decompressed by portal-systemic shunting through the umbilical veins.

Differential Diagnosis

Inferior vena cava obstruction

Produces abdominal collateral veins develop to bypass the blocked inferior vena cava and permit venous return from the legs.

How to differentiate

Determine the direction of flow in the veins below the umbilicus.

Caput Medusae - flow is towards the legs
Inferior vena cava obstruction - flow is towards the head.

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