canadian federal election, 1968

The Canadian federal election of 1968 was held on June 25, 1968 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. The Liberal Party won a majority government under its new leader, Pierre Trudeau. Trudeau, who was a relative unknown until he was appointed to the cabinet by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson, had won a surprise victory over Paul Martin Sr. in the party's leadership election earlier in 1968. The charismatic, intellectual, handsome, single, and fully bilingual Trudeau soon captured the hearts and minds of the nation, and the period leading up to the election saw such intense feelings for him that it was dubbed "Trudeaumania." At public appearances, he was confronted by screaming girls, something never before seen in Canadian politics. The Liberal campaign was dominated by Trudeau's personality. Liberal campaign ads featured pictures of Trudeau inviting Canadians to "Come work with me", and encouraged them to "Vote for New Leadership for All of Canada". The substance of the campaign was based upon the creation of a "just society", with a proposed expansion of social programs. The principal opposition to the Liberals were the Progressive Conservative Party led by Robert Stanfield. The party was still smarting from the nasty infighting that had led to the ousting of leader John Diefenbaker. Stanfield was widely respected, but the public image of him was crystallized by a photo of him fumbling a football. He was viewed as being an honourable man, but perhaps not the one to make the big decisions. The Conservatives also ran into trouble with their policy on Quebec: the Conservatives had reversed their traditional policies, and embraced the idea of deux nations, meaning that their policies would be based on the idea that Canada was one country housing two nations - French Canadians and English-speaking Canadians. As Conservative candidates began to renounce this policy, the party was forced to backtrack, and late in the campaign, ran ads signed by Stanfield that stated that the PC Party stood for "One country, one Canada". Trudeau had more success, promoting his vision of a Canada whole and indivisible. On the left, legendary socialist Tommy Douglas led the New Democratic Party, but the party had difficulty running against the left-leaning Trudeau, who was himself a former supporter of the NDP. Under the sloag, "You win with the NDP", Douglas campiagned for affordable housing, higher old age pensions,lower prescription drug prices, and a reduced cost of living. This election was the last time that the Social Credit Party won federal seats in English Canada. On the other hand, the Ralliement des crditistes (Social Credit Rally), the Qubec wing of the party that had split from the English Canadian party, met with great success. The crditistes were especially strong in rural ridings and amongst poor voters. Party leader Ral Caouette campaigned against poverty, government indifference, and "la grosse finance" (big finance). Caouette gave voters the impression that his party was the only one that truly belonged to the people. The crditistes were a populist option appealing to Qubec nationalists and social conservatives. The results of the election were sealed when on the night before the election a riot broke out at the St. Jean Baptiste Day parade in Montreal. Protesting the Prime Minister of Canada's attendance at the parade, supporters of Quebec independence yelled Trudeau au poteau to the gallows, and threw bottles and rocks. Trudeau, whose his lack of a military record had led some to question his courage, firmly stood his ground, and did not flee from the violence despite the wishes of his security escort. Images of Trudeau standing fast to the rioters were broadcast across the country, and swung the election even further in the Liberals' favour as many English-speaking Canadians believed that he would be the right leader to fight the threat of Quebec separatism.

National results

owspan="2" colspan="2"\|Party	rowspan="2"\|Party Leader	rowspan="2"\|# of candidates	colspan="3"\|Seats	colspan="3"\|Popular Vote
lign="center"\|Before¹	align="center"\|After	align="center"\|% Change	align="center"\|#	align="center"\|%	align="center"\|% Change	Liberal	Pierre Trudeau	align="right"\| 262	align="right"\|128	align="right"\| 155	align="right"\|+21.1%	align="right"\| 3,686,801	align="right"\| 45.37%	align="right"\|+5.18%	Progressive Conservative	Robert Stanfield	align="right"\| 262	align="right"\|94	align="right"\|72	align="right"\|-23.4%	align="right"\| 2,548,949	align="right"\|31.36%	align="right"\|-1.05%	New Democratic	Tommy Douglas	align="right"\| 263	align="right"\|22	align="right"\|22	align="right"\| -	align="right"\| 1,378,263	align="right"\| 16.96%	align="right"\|-0.95%	Ralliement crditiste	Ral Caouette	align="right"\| 72	align="right"\|8	align="right"\| 14	align="right"\|+75.0%	align="right"\| 360,404	align="right"\| 4.43%	align="right"\|-0.22%	colspan="2"\|Independent	align="right"\| 29	align="right"\|2	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|-50.0%	align="right"\| 36,543	align="right"\| 0.45%	align="right"\|-0.23%	Liberal-Labour	Pierre Trudeau	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 10,144	align="right"\| 0.12%	align="right"\|	Social Credit	A.B. Patterson	align="right"\| 32	align="right"\|4	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|-100%	align="right"\| 68,742	align="right"\|0.85%	align="right"\|-2.82%	Independent Liberal	align="right"\| 11	align="right"\|-	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|-	align="right"\| 16,785	align="right"\| 0.21%	align="right"\|-0.01%	Rhinoceros	Cornelius I	align="right"\| 2	align="right"\|	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 5,802	align="right"\| 0.07%	align="right"\|+0.07%	Communist	William Kashtan	align="right"\| 14	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 4,465	align="right"\| 0.05%	align="right"\|x	Independent PC	align="right"\|5	align="right"\|1	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|-100%	align="right"\| 2,762	align="right"\| 0.03%	align="right"\|-0.14%	Dmocratisation conomique	align="right"\| 5	align="right"\|	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 2,651	align="right"\|0.03%	align="right"\|	Franc Lib	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 2,141	align="right"\|0.03%	align="right"\|	Independent Conservative	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|-	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 632	align="right"\| 0.01%	align="right"\|x	Reform	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|	align="right"\|420	align="right"\| 0.01%	align="right"\|	Conservative	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|-	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|	align="right"\|339	align="right"\| x	align="right"\|x	Esprit social	H-G Grenier	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\| 311	align="right"\|x	align="right"\|x	Socialist Labour	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|-	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 202	align="right"\| x	align="right"\|x	Republican	align="right"\| 1	align="right"\|	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 175	align="right"\|x	align="right"\|	New Canada	Fred Reiner	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 148	align="right"\|x	align="right"\|	National Socialist	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|	align="right"\| 89	align="right"\|x	align="right"\|
owspan="2"\|	colspan="3"\|Vacant	align="right"\|6	align="right" colspan="5"\|N/A
colspan="2"\|Total	align="right"\| 967	align="right"\| 265	align="right"\|264	align="right"\|-0.4%	align="right"\| 8,126,768	align="right"\| 100%
align="center" colspan="10"\|Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867, Toronto Star, June 24, 1968.

Notes: ¹ "Before" refers to party standings in the House of Commons prior to dissolution, not the results of the previous election. x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote

Results by province

align="center" colspan="3"\|Party Name	align="center"\|BC	align="center"\|AB	align="center"\|SK	align="center"\|MB	align="center"\|ON	align="center"\|QC	align="center"\|NB	align="center"\|NS	align="center"\|PE	align="center"\|NL	align="center"\|NT	align="center"\|YK	align="center"\|Total	rowspan="2"\|Liberal	Seats:	align="right"\|16	align="right"\|4	align="right"\|2	align="right"\|5	align="right"\|63	align="right"\|56	align="right"\|5	align="right"\|1	align="right"\| -	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|154	Popular Vote:	align="right"\|41.8	align="right"\|35.7	align="right"\|27.1	align="right"\|41.5	align="right"\|46.2	align="right"\|53.6	align="right"\|44.4	align="right"\|38.0	align="right"\|45.0	align="right"\|42.8	align="right"\|63.8	align="right"\|47.0	align="right"\|45.4	rowspan="2"\|Progressive Conservative	Seats:	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|15	align="right"\|5	align="right"\|5	align="right"\|17	align="right"\|4	align="right"\|5	align="right"\|10	align="right"\|4	align="right"\|6	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|72	Vote:	align="right"\|18.9	align="right"\|51.0	align="right"\|37.0	align="right"\|31.4	align="right"\|32.0	align="right"\|21.1	align="right"\|49.7	align="right"\|55.2	align="right"\|51.8	align="right"\|52.7	align="right"\|23.4	align="right"\|48.0	align="right"\|31.4	rowspan="2"\|New Democratic	Seats:	align="right"\|7	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|6	align="right"\|3	align="right"\|6	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|22	Vote:	align="right"\|32.6	align="right"\|9.4	align="right"\|35.7	align="right"\|25.0	align="right"\|20.6	align="right"\|7.5	align="right"\|4.9	align="right"\|6.7	align="right"\|3.2	align="right"\|4.4	align="right"\|12.8	align="right"\|5.0	align="right"\|17.0	rowspan="2"\|Ralliement crditiste	Seats:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|14	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|14	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|16.4	align="right"\|0.7	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|4.4	rowspan="2"\|Independent	Seats:	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|-	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|1	Vote:	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|0.2	align="right"\|0.2	align="right"\|0.3	align="right"\|0.6	align="right"\|0.6	align="right"\|0.2	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.4	rowspan="2"\|Liberal-Labour	Seats:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|1	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.3	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.1
colspan="3"\|Total seats:	align="right"\|23	align="right"\|19	align="right"\|13	align="right"\|13	align="right"\|88	align="right"\|74	align="right"\|10	align="right"\|11	align="right"\|4	align="right"\|7	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|1	align="right"\|264
olspan="16"\|Parties that won no seats:	Social Credit	Vote:	align="right"\|6.4	align="right"\|1.9	align="right"\|	align="right"\|1.5	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.8	Independent Liberal	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|1.5	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|0.2	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.2	Rhinoceros	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.3	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.1	Communist	Vote:	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|0.2	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.1	Independent PC	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.2	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Dmocratisation con.	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Franc Lib	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Independent Cons.	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|0.2	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Reform	Vote:	align="right"\|0.1	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Conservative	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Espirit social	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Socialist Labour	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	Republican	Vote:	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	New Canada	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	National Socialist	Vote:	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|	align="right"\|xx

xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote. See: 28th Canadian parliament for a full list of those elected in the 1968 election.

Notes

Voter turnout: 76% of the eligible population voted.

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