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British Columbia General Election, 1952The 23rd general election for the Province of British Columbia, Canada was called on April 10, 1952, and held on June 12, 1952. The new legislature met for the first time on February 3, 1953. This was the first election to use the alternative voting system. Rather than marking the ballot with an X, numbers were to be placed opposite the names in order of choice. If, after the first count, no candidate received an absolute simple majority, the candidate with the least number of votes was dropped, and the second choices distributed among the remaining candidates. This process continued until a candidate emerged with the requisite majority vote. Some voters only indicated a first choice (plumping), and others did not utilize the full range available. Consequently as the counts progressed, some ballots would be exhausted and total valid votes would decline, thereby reducing the absolute majority required to be elected. In multi-member ridings, there were as many ballots as members to be elected, distinguished by colour and letters. This system had been designed to enable the Conservative and Liberal parties to keep the social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation out of power. Unexpectedly, this enabled Social Credit to win the largest number of seats with the benefit of second-preference ballots from CCF voters. The British Columbia Social Credit League (BCSCL) nominated and supported the candidates (who were BCSCL members) but in assuming power, the new government referred to itself as Social Credit. W.A.C. Bennett was a former member of the legislature who had left the Progressive Conservative Party to sit as an independent after failing in his bid to become leader of the Progressive Conservative Party in 1951. In December of that year, he took out a membership in the Social Credit League. Social Credit fell short of holding a majority after the election, however. Bennett had succeeded in convincing a Labour member of the Legislature (MLA) to support the party, and so the Socreds were able to form a minority government. The party had no official leader. In a vote of the newly elected caucus, Bennett defeated Philip Gaglardi for the position of party leader and premier-elect on July 15, 1952. The centre-right coalition formed by the Liberal and Conservative parties in order to defeat the social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the 1945 and 1949 elections split, and the two parties nominated candiates under their own names. The Conservative Party adopted the "Progressive Conservative" name now used by its federal counterpart. | owspan="2"|Party | rowspan="2"|Party Leader | rowspan="2"|# of candidates | colspan="3"|Seats | colspan="5"|Popular Vote | | lign="center"|Previous | align="center"|After | align="center"|% Change | align="center"|First count | align="center"|% | align="center"|Change | align="center"|Final count | align="center"|% | | Social Credit | (none) | align="right"|47 | align="right"|0 | align="right"|19 | align="right"| - | align="right"|209,049 | align="right"|27.20% | align="right"| +25.99% | align="right"|203,932 | align="right"|+30.18% | | a href="/encyclopedia/New-Democratic-Party-of-British-Columbia" title="New Democratic Party of British Columbia">Co-operative Commonwealth | Harold Winch | align="right"|48 | align="right"|7 | align="right"|18 | align="right"| +157.1% | align="right"|236,562 | align="right"| 30.78% | align="right"| -4.32% | align="right"|231,756 | align="right"|+34.3% | | a href="/encyclopedia/British-Columbia-Liberal-Party" title="British Columbia Liberal Party">Liberal | Byron Ingemar Johnson | align="right"|48 | align="right"|n.a. | align="right"|6 | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"|180,289 | align="right"| 23.46% | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"|170,674 | align="right"|25.26% | | a href="/encyclopedia/British-Columbia-Conservative-Party" title="British Columbia Conservative Party">Progressive Conservative | |align="right"|48 |align="right"|n.a. |align="right"|4 |align="right"| n.a. |align="right"|129,439 |align="right"| 16.84% |align="right"| n.a. |align="right"|65,285 |align="right"|9.66% | | a href="/encyclopedia/Labour-Parties-of-British-Columbia" title="Labour Parties of British Columbia">Labour | Tom Uphill | align="right"|1 | align="right"|1 | align="right"|1 | align="right"| - | align="right"|1,290 | align="right"| 0.16% | align="right"| -0.05% | align="right"|1,758 | align="right"|0.26% | | a href="/encyclopedia/Christian-Democratic-Party-of-British-Columbia" title="Christian Democratic Party of British Columbia">Christian Democratic | align="center"| | align="right"|8 | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"|0 | align="right"|n.a. | align="right"|7,176 | align="right"| 0.93% | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"|1,318 | align="right"|0.2% | | a href="/encyclopedia/Communist-Party-of-British-Columbia" title="Communist Party of British Columbia">Labour Progressive | align="center"| | align="right"|5 | align="right"|0 | align="right"|0 | align="right"| - | align="right"|2,514 | align="right"| 0.33% | align="right"| +0.09% | align="right"|931 | align="right"|0.14% | | ndependent | align="center"| | align="right"|5 | align="right"|1 | align="right"|0 | align="right"| -100% | align="right"|1,312 | align="right"| 0.17% | align="right"| -0.57% | align="right"| - | align="right"| - | | a href="/encyclopedia/Labour-Parties-of-British-Columbia" title="Labour Parties of British Columbia">Labour Representation Committee | align="center"| | align="right"|1 | align="right"|n.a. | align="right"|0 | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"|654 | align="right"| 0.09% | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"| - | align="right"| - | | a href="/encyclopedia/Socialist-Party-of-Canada" title="Socialist Party of Canada">Socialist | align="center"| | align="right"|1 | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"|0 | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"|276 | align="right"| 0.04% | align="right"| n.a. | align="right"| - | align="right"| - | | otal | align="center"| | 212 | 48 | 48 | - | 768,561 | 100% | - | 675,654 | 100% | | align="center" colspan="11"|Sources: Elections BC | Note: n.a. - not applicable: party did nominate candidates in the previous election
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