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Borsod-abaj-zempln | lign="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#66CC77"|BORSOD-ABAJ-ZEMPLN COUNTY | | lign="center" colspan="2"| | | lign="center" colspan="2"| | | egion | Northeastern Hungary | | | a href="/encyclopedia/County-seat" title="County seat">County seat | Miskolc | | a href="/encyclopedia/Area" title="Area">Area | 7247 km² | | a href="/encyclopedia/Population" title="Population">Population | 739 143 | | a href="/encyclopedia/Population-density" title="Population density">Population density | 102 /km² | | a href="/encyclopedia/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities | 355 | Borsod-Abaj-Zempln (commonly abbreviated as BAZ county) is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in north-eastern Hungary (commonly called "Northern Hungary"), on the border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Ngrd, Heves, Hajd-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmr-Bereg. The capital of Borsod-Abaj-Zempln county is Miskolc. Origins and meanings of name - "Borsod" is named after the castle it belonged to. The castle was possibly named after its first steward, Bors (in old Hungarian language the -d suffix was a derivational suffix for place names, thus the name "Borsod" means "belonging to Bors".) The name bors itself is of Turkish origin and means "pepper" both in old and modern Hungarian language.
- "Abaj" is a shortened form of the name of its castle, Abajvr. The "Aba" part refers to the Aba clan which ruled the area in the middle age, while "j vr" means "new castle".
- "Zempln" is named after its castle too. The name is derived from the Slovak word zem or the Slavic zemlja, meaning earth, soil, ground or country. The castle, like its name indicates, was a motte, its remnants can still be seen near the Slovakian village of the same name.
Tourist sights Castles Nature Geography Borsod-Abaj-Zempln is one of the most geographically diverse areas of Hungary. It lies where the Northern Mountains meet the Great Hungarian Plain, thus the northern parts of the county is a mountain area, the southern parts are flat. The average temperature is lower than that of the country, the average humidity is higher (7800 mm/year.) The region holds the country's record for lowest temperature: -35C, February 16, 1940, the town of Grmbly-Tapolca (now Miskolctapolca.) Rivers Highest points Economy Due to the emphasis on industrialization during the former Socialist regime and the county's richness in brown coal, Borsod-Abaj-Zempln has become one of the leading industrial regions of the country, "the Ruhr Area of Hungary". The most important centres of heavy industry were Miskolc, zd, Tiszajvros and Kazincbarcika. With the fall of the Socialist regime the industry faced a crisis, and Borsod-Abaj-Zempln is among the counties that have the highest rate of unemployment. 40% of the area is arable land. History From the Conquest until the Turkish occupation (900s1526) Borsod-Abaj-Zempln county was created after World War II from the pre-1938 counties Borsod-Gmr-Kishont, Abaj-Torna and Zempln. Before the Conquest of Hungary (late 9th century) the area was inhabited by Slavic tribes. The historical comitatus (Hungarian: vrmegye "castle county", since each of them belonged to a castle) came into existence during the Middle Ages. Borsod county belonged to the Castle of Borsod, Abaj belonged to the Castle of jvr (in the modern village of Abajvr) and Zempln belonged to the Castle of Zempln (today in Slovakia.) At this time the area of Borsod also included the later county Torna, and Abaj also included the later counties Sros and Heves. In the 12th century the former Abaj comitatus was split into Abaj, Heves and Sros counties, while Torna was separated from Borsod. For the next hundreds of years the borders remained unchanged. About two third of the areas of these counties were royal property, the others were ruled by clans, for example the Miskc clan (after whom the city of Miskolc was named.) The area was inhabited mostly by castle serfs and foreign settlers (Pechenegs, Walloons, Czech and Germans.) By the 12th century more and more areas were owned by noble families and the Church. Most of Borsod was ruled by the Bors-Miskc clan, while Abaj was the estate of the Aba clan. By the 14th century most of the area was owned by oligarchs. King Charles Robert strengthened his rule by curbing the power of these oligarchs. One of his largest enemies, Amad of the Aba clan was the de facto ruler of Northern Hungary. Charles Robert defeated Amad in the Battle of Rozgony in 1312, and regained power over Northern Hungary. The differences between towns and villages became important during the Anjou age of Hungary. In Borsod and Abaj the Free Royal Town of Kassa (today's Kosice, Slovakia) and Miskolc emerged as the most important towns. The Castle of Disgyőr had its prime under Louis the Great, it was one of the favourite residences of the royal family. In the 16th century wine growing gained more importance. Today Tokaj-Hegyalja in Zempln is one of the most important and famous wine districts of Hungary, home of the famous Tokay wine (named after the town Tokaj, the centre of the wine district.) From the Turkish occupation until the First World War (15261914) After the battle of Mohcs, as the Turks occupied more and more of the Southern territories of Hungary, the area of Borsod-Abaj-Zempln, as the northernmost part of the country, became an important area. After the Turkish occupation ended, and Hungary became part of the Habsburg empire, the area because of its distance from Austria was the main base of the resistance, and held this status until the "Compromise", when Hungary, formerly a mere province of the Empire, became an equal partner with Austria (1867.) The family of Francis II Rkczi (leader of the Revolution against Habsburg rule in the early 18th century) had estates here, and the revolution itself was organised from here. The region also had cultural importance. The Reformation began its spreading in Hungary in this area, and the first Protestant college was opened in Srospatak. Many of the important persons of the Age of Enlightenment grew up in this region, for example the important politicians Louis Kossuth, Bertalan Szemere and Lszl Plczy, and the language reformer Ferenc Kazinczy. During the 18th century several towns bought their freedom from their feudal landowners. New guilds were formed, manufactures were built, mines were opened, glassworks and forges were built. Miskolc began to catch up with Kassa and take over the role as the leading city of the region, and because of this Borsod was the fastest developing county of the three counties. Lots of foreign settlers arrived, Slovakians, Greeks, Germans, Russians even today there are whole villages with significant number of them. According to the census of 1787 Borsod, Abaj and Zempln had almost 500.000 inhabitants. From 1914 to today After the "Compromise" Northern Hungary just like the other parts of the country experienced an area of prospering and fast development. New factories, railway lines were built, the population grew. In 1882 Abaj county was merged with Torna, and was renamed Abaj-Torna. After World War I and the treaty of Trianon Hungary lost its northern parts to Czechoslovakia. Abaj-Torna lost 48% of its area, Zempln lost 72%, only Borsod remained intact. The neighboring county of Gmr-Kishont lost 92,5% of its area, the remaining parts were merged with Borsod. The county seats were Miskolc (Borsod-Gmr-Kishont), Sziksz (Abaj-Torna) and Storaljajhely (Zempln.) Under the First Vienna Award Hungary got the lost territories back. During World War II Kassa was the capital of Abaj-Torna. After Hungary lost the war, the pre-1938 borders were reinstated. The administration of the country needed to be completely reorganised, since most of the border counties were cut apart. In 1950 the Hungarian parts of the former counties Borsod-Gmr-Kishont, Abaj-Torna and Zempln were united, forming the county of Borsod-Abaj-Zempln, with Miskolc being the county capital. During the Socialist era the region was developed into the centre of heavy industry. Whole new towns came into existence in place of small villages (Tiszajvros, Kazincbarcika), the industrial character of existing cities became more important (Miskolc, zd.) Urbanization was rapid, workers from all over the country were arriving in these cities and towns, and the population of Miskolc reached its highest level in the 1980s (around 211.000.) The end of the Socialist era and the recession of the 1990s hit hard, the unemployment rate is one of the highest of the country, and the local governments try to get over the crisis by strengthening the touristic potential. This seems to be a good idea, since Borsod-Abaj-Zempln is a geographically diverse area with rich natural and cultural treasures. Regional structure Borsod-Abaj-Zempln is the county of extremes: it is the home of the country's third largest city and second largest agglomeration, where one fourth of the county' population resides, on the other hand, the county is full of hamlets with population under 200. Borsod-Abaj-Zempln has 23 cities/towns and over 300 villages. With a total of 355 cities, towns and villages this county has the most municipalities in Hungary. Approximately half of the population lives in cities/towns. See also List of towns in Hungary for more information on municipalities and administration of Hungary. City with county rights Towns (ordered by population, according to the 2001 census) zd (39 114)> | idth=15| | Encs (7000) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Kazincbarcika" title="Kazincbarcika">Kazincbarcika (32 934) | width=15| | Mezőcst (6578) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Storaljajhely" title="Storaljajhely">Storaljajhely (18 352) | width=15| | Sziksz (6062) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Mezkvesd" title="Mezkvesd">Mezőkvesd (17 995) | width=15| | Emőd (5471) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Tiszajvros" title="Tiszajvros">Tiszajvros (17 581) | width=15| | Tokaj (5155) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Srospatak" title="Srospatak">Srospatak (14 718) | width=15| | Nykldhza (5021) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Sajszentpter" title="Sajszentpter">Sajszentpter (13 343) | width=15| | Szendrő (4355) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Edelny" title="Edelny">Edelny (11 220) | width=15| | Borsodndasd (3605) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Szerencs" title="Szerencs">Szerencs (10 213) | width=15| | Abajsznt (3422) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Putnok" title="Putnok">Putnok (7625) | width=15| | Cignd (3299) | | a href="/encyclopedia/Felsozsolca" title="Felsozsolca">Felsőzsolca (7157) | width=15| | Gnc (2254) | Villages External links
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