Atomic Units
Atomic units
(au) are a convenient
system of units
of measurement used in
atomic physics
, particularly for describing the properties of
electrons
. The atomic units have been chosen such that the fundamental electron properties are all equal to one atomic unit. The atomic units are:
length
: the
Bohr radius
a_0
mass
: the electron
rest mass
m_e
charge
: the
elementary charge
e
energy
: the
Hartree energy
E_h
angular momentum
: the
Dirac constant
\hbar
The use of atomic units also simplifies the
Schrdinger equation
. For example the
Hamiltonian
for an electron in the
hydrogen
atom
would be: in
SI
units:
\hat H =\nabla^2} + {1 \over {4 \pi \epsilon_0}}
in
atomic units
:
\hat H =\nabla^2} +
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