arospatiale alouette ii

The Alouette II is a light helicopter originally manufactured by Sud-Est Aviation and later Arospatiale of France. The Alouette II has the honour of being the first helicopter that used a gas turbine instead of a conventional heavier piston engine. It was mostly used for military purposes in observation, photography, air/sea rescue, liaison and training but it has also carried anti-tank missiles and homing torpedoes. As a civilian helicopter it was put to use as a casualty evacuation (with two external stretcher panniers), crop-spraying and flying crane (with a 500kg external sling load).

History

Although Sud-Est's previous helicopter design, the SE.3120 Alouette, broke helicopter speed and distance records in July 1953, it was too complex an aircraft to market successfully. With the records falling, the French goverment started showing interest but with their financial backing the state gave an ultimatum that within 2 years a helicopter had to be in production otherwise all activities around rotary wings would cease! SNCASE came up with 7 turbo-engine helicopters designs: X.310A - X.310G. Earlier Joseph Szydlowski, the founder of Turbomca had successfully managed to develop the Artouste, a 260 hp single shaft turbine engine derived from his Ordon turbine. The X.310G design was chosen and together with the Artouste engine was fast tracked towards production as the SE.3130 Alouette II. The SE-3130, first flew on March 12 1955 and within 3 months a pre-series Alouette II flown by Jean Boulet set a new helicopter altitude record of 8,209 m on June 6 then on June 13 pushed the record even further to 10,984 m. The Alouette II made the news on July 3 1956 when it became the first helicopter to perform a mountain-rescue by evacuating a mountaineer who had suffered from cardiac arrest at over 4,000 m and again on January 3 1957 the Alouette II was called upon to rescue the crew of a crashed Sikorsky S-58 which was searching for missing mountaineers Jean Vincendon and Franois Henry on Mont Blanc. The Alouette II gained its domestic certificate of airworthiness on May 2 1957. Production started initially to fulfil orders from the French armed forces and civilian customers, but by the time production ended in 1975 with over 1500 Alouette II's had been built and in use in over 80 countries including 47 armed forces. It is also licence built in Sweden, India and in the United States. In 1963 the Alouette II became the first commercially operated turbine helicopter in the USA.

Versions

SE.3130 Alouette II - After 1967 called SA.313B Alouette II
SE.3131 Gouverneu - VIP version which led up to the Alouette III
SE.3140 Alouette II
HKP 2 Alouette II - Swedish licence version of the SE.3130
SE.3150 Alouette Astazou - It has a 550 shp Turbomca Astazou IIA shaft turbine (derated to 360 shp) and strengthened transmission system of the Alouette III
SE.3180 Alouette II - After 1967 called SA.318C Alouette II derived from the SE.3150
HAL Chetak - Indian licence version of the SE.3180
SA-315B Lama - Derived from the SE.3150, it was designed for high altitude operations using a 650kW (870shp) Turbomca Astazou IIIB turboshaft, derated to 410kW (550shp). This derivitive still holds the absolute altitude record for all types of helicopters since 1972: 12,442 m.
HAL Cheetah - Indian licence version of the SA.315B Lama
HAL Lancer - modified and updated version of Cheetah.

Users

Austria (16), Belgium (39), Cambodia (8), Congo (3), Dominican Republic (2), France (363), Germany (267), India, Indonesia (3), Israel (4), Ivory Coast (2), Laos (2), Lebanon (3), Mexico (2), Morocco (7), Netherlands (8), Peru (6), Portugal (7) and South Africa (7), Sweden (25), Switzerland (30), Tunisia (8), United Kingdom (17)

Specifications (SA-313B Alouette II)

General Characteristics

Crew: one, pilot
Capacity: four passengers
Length: 9.70 m (31 ft 10 in)
Main rotor diameter: 10.20 m (33 ft 5 in)
Height: 2.75 m (9 ft 0 in)
Main rotor area: 81.7 m² (879 ft²)
Empty: 895 kg (1,973 lb)
Loaded: kg ( lb)
Maximum takeoff: 1,600 kg (3,527 lb)
Powerplant: 1 x Turbomca Artouste IIC6 turboshaft, 410 kW (550 shp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 185 km/h (115 mph)
Range: 565 km (904 miles)
Service ceiling: 2,250 m (7,380 ft)
Rate of climb: 252 m/min (825 ft/min)
Main rotor loading: kg/m² ( lb/ft²)
Power/Mass: