1870S
align="center" |
Centuries
:
18th century
-
19th century
-
20th century
align="center" colspan=2 |
Decades
:
1840s
1850s
1860s
-
1870s
-
1880s
1890s
1900s
align="center" colspan=2 |
Years:
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
Events and Trends
Technology
Invention of the
telephone
(
1876
) and
phonograph
(
1877
)
Science
Ludwig Boltzmann
's statistical definition of
thermodynamic entropy
War, peace and politics
Franco-Prussian War
(
1870
–
1871
) results in the collapse of the
Second French Empire
and in the formation of both the
French Third Republic
and the
German Empire
Continuing expansion of the
British Empire
; beginning of the
New Imperialism
Bulgaria
and
Romania
declare independence following war against
Turkey
Other
In the
United States
, continuation of post-
Civil War
reconstruction
until its conclusion under President
Rutherford B. Hayes
in
1877
World Leaders
Emperor
Franz Josef
(
Austria-Hungary
)
Prime Minister Sir
John A. Macdonald
(
Canada
)
Prime Minister
Alexander Mackenzie
(
Canada
)
Tongzhi Emperor
(
China
)
Guangxu Emperor
(
China
)
Emperor
Wilhelm I
(
Germany
)
Chancellor
Otto von Bismarck
(
Germany
)
King
Victor Emmanuel II
(
Italy
)
King
Umberto I
(
Italy
)
Emperor
Meiji
(
Japan
)
Pope Pius IX
Pope Leo XIII
Emperor
Alexander II
(
Russia
)
Queen
Victoria
(
United Kingdom
)
Prime Minister
William Ewart Gladstone
(
United Kingdom
)
Prime Minister
Benjamin Disraeli
(
United Kingdom
)
President
Ulysses S. Grant
(
United States
)
President
Rutherford B. Hayes
(
United States
)
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