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1836 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). Events - January - Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian convent
- February 3 - United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, New York.
- February 23 - The siege of the Alamo begins in San Antonio, Texas.
- February 24 - Samuel Colt receives a patent for the Colt revolver
- March 1 - Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos to deliberate independence from Mexico
- March 1 - Antonio Garca Gutirrez's play El Trovador played for the first time
- March 2 - Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico.
- March 5 - Samuel Colt makes the first pistol (.34-caliber).
- March 6 - After a 13-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 189 Texas volunteers defending the Alamo are defeated and the fort taken.
- March 27 - Texas Revolution: Goliad massacre - Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna orders the Mexican army to kill about 400 Texans at Goliad, Texas
- March 31 - Marshall College, named for John Marshall, opens in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. It later merges with Franklin College to become Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
- April 20 - U.S. Congress passes act creating the Wisconsin Territory
- May 15 - Francis Baily, during an eclipse of the sun, observes the phenomenon named after him as Baily's beads
- June 15 - Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.
- July 11 - President Andrew Jackson issues the Specie Circular, beginning the failure of the land speculation economy that would lead to the Panic of 1837.
- September 1 - Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white woman to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
- September 5 - Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.
- September 8 - Transcendental Club founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts
- October 2 - Naturalist Charles Darwin returns to Falmouth, England aboard the HMS Beagle after a 5-year journey collecting biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution.
- November - Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison in the U.S. presidential election
- December 10 - Emory College, the forerunner of Emory University, is chartered in Oxford, Georgia.
- December 26 - Separation of the colony of South Australia from that of New South Wales. Now celebrated in the state of South Australia as Proclamation Day.
- December 28 - Spain recognizes independence of Mexico.
unknown dates Births - January 2 - Mendele Moykher Sforim, writer (d. 1917)
- January 14 - Henri Fantin-Latour, painter (d. 1904)
- January 27 - Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, writer (d. 1895)
- February 18 - Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Bengali religious leader (d. 1886)
- February 24 - Winslow Homer, artist (d. 1910)
- March 20 - Sir Edward Poynter, artist (d. 1919)
- May 27 - Jay Gould, American financier (d. 1892)
- May 28 - Alexander Mitscherlich, chemist (d. 1918)
- May 31 – Jules Chret, printmaker (d. 1932)
- June 2 - Mily Balakirev, composer (d. 1910)
- July 8 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914)
- July 9 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
- August 13 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin, later Bishop Nikolai of Japan (d. 1912)
- August 24 - Susan Agnes Bernard, future First Lady of Canada (d. 1920)
- September 11 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, author (d. 1870)
- October 15 - James Tissot, French artist (d. 1902)
Deaths - January 7 - John Molson, Canadian entrepreneur
- March 6 - Davy Crockett, frontiersman, soldier (b. 1786)
- March 27 - James Fannin, Texas Revolutionary (b. 1804)
- June 28 - James Madison, Fourth President of the United States
- September 5 - Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright
- September 14 - Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756)
- September 17 - Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, botanist
- November 5 - Karel Hynek Mácha, poet
- November 6 - Charles X, king of France
- November 16 - Christian Hendrik Persoon, Dutch mycologist
- December 27 - Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (b. 1793)
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