cyclone - a violent rotating windstorm

dust storm, duster, sandstorm, sirocco - a windstorm that lifts up clouds of dust or sand; "it was the kind of duster not experienced in years"

storm, violent storm - a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightening

tempest - (literary) a violent wind; "a tempest swept over the island"

whirlwind - a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth