binomial theorem - a theorem giving the expansion of a binomial raised to a given power

proposition - (logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false

idea, thought - the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind"

Bayes' theorem - (statistics) a theorem describing how the conditional probability of a set of possible causes for a given observed event can be computed from knowledge of the probability of each cause and the conditional probability of the outcome of each cause