deductive reasoning, synthesis, deduction - reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)

ratiocination, conclusion - the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)

major premise, major premiss - the premise of a syllogism that contains the major term (which is the predicate of the conclusion)

minor premise, minor premiss, subsumption - the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)