math, mathematics, maths - a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

algebraist - a mathematician whose specialty is algebra

arithmetician - someone who specializes in arithmetic

geometer, geometrician - a mathematician specializing in geometry

number theorist - a mathematician specializing in number theory

probability theorist - a mathematician who specializes in probability theory

man of science, scientist - a person with advanced knowledge of one of more sciences

mathematical statistician, statistician - a mathematician who specializes in statistics

trigonometrician - a mathematician specializing in trigonometry

Abel, Niels Abel, Niels Henrik Abel - Norwegian mathematician (1802-1829)

Al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, al-Haytham, Alhazen, Ibn al-Haytham - an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040)

Archimedes - Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)

Bayes, Thomas Bayes - English mathematician for whom Bayes' theorem is named (1702-1761)

Jacques Bernoulli, Jakob Bernoulli, James Bernoulli, Bernoulli - Swiss mathematician (1654-1705)

Jean Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, John Bernoulli, Bernoulli - Swiss mathematician (1667-1748)

Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel - German mathematician and astronomer who made accurate measurements of stellar distances and who predicted the existence on an 8th planet (1784-1846)

Boole, George Boole - English mathematician; creator of Boolean algebra (1815-1864)

Bowditch, Nathaniel Bowditch - United States mathematician and astronomer noted for his works on navigation (1773-1838)

Descartes, Rene Descartes - French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)

Diophantus - Greek mathematician who was the first to try to develop an algebraic notation (3rd century)

Eratosthenes - Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun (276-194 BC)

Euler, Leonhard Euler - Swiss mathematician (1707-1783)

Fermat, Pierre de Fermat - French mathematician who founded number theory; contributed (with Pascal) to the theory of probability (1601-1665)

Baron Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier - French mathematician who developed Fourier analysis and studied the conduction of heat (1768-1830)

Evariste Galois, Galois - French mathematician who described the conditions for solving polynomial equations; was killed in a duel at the age of 21 (1811-1832)

Karl Friedrich Gauss, Karl Gauss, Gauss - German mathematician who developed the theory of numbers and who applied mathematics to electricity and magnetism and astronomy and geodesy (1777-1855)

Godel, Kurt Godel - United States mathematician (born in Austria) who is remembered principally for demonstrating the limitations of axiomatic systems (1906-1978)

Hamilton, Sir William Rowan Hamilton, William Rowan Hamilton - Irish mathematician (1806-1865)

Hero of Alexandria, Heron, Hero - Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)

David Hilbert, Hilbert - German mathematician (1862-1943)

Hipparchus - Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry (second century BC)

Jacobi, Karl Gustav Jacob Jacobi - German mathematician (1804-1851)

Felix Klein, Klein - German mathematician who created the Klein bottle (1849-1925)