fallacy, false belief - a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning

hysteron proteron - the logical fallacy of using as a true premise a proposition that is yet to be proved

ignoratio elenchi - the logical fallacy of supposing that an argument proving an irrelevant point has proved the point at issue

petitio, petitio principii - the logical fallacy of assuming the conclusion in the premises; begging the question

post hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc - the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a causal relation