abstract thought, logical thinking, reasoning - thinking that is coherent and logical

analogy - an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

corollary - (logic) an inference that follows directly from the proof of another proposition

derivation - a line of reasoning that shows how a conclusion follows logically from accepted propositions

entailment, implication, deduction - something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"

extrapolation - an inference about the future (or about some hypothetical situation) based on known facts and observations

presumption - (law) an inference of the truth of a fact from other facts proved or admitted or judicially noticed