11-plus, eleven-plus - (formerly in England) an examination taken by 11 and 12 year old students to select suitable candidates for grammar school

Great Revolt, Peasant's Revolt - a widespread rebellion in 1381 against poll taxes and other inequities that oppressed the poorer people of England; suppressed by Richard II

Battle of Flodden Field, Flodden, Flodden Field - a battle in 1513; the English defeated the invading Scots and James IV was killed

battle of Hastings, Hastings - the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest

Battle of Maldon, Maldon - a battle in which the Danes defeated the Saxons in 991; celebrated in an old English poem

battle of Marston Moor, Marston Moor - a battle in 1644 in which the Parliamentarians under the earl of Manchester defeated the Royalists under Prince Rupert

Battle of Naseby, Naseby - a battle in 1645 that settled the outcome of the first English Civil War as the Parliamentarians won a major victory over the Royalists

battle of Tewkesbury, Tewkesbury - the final battle of the War of the Roses in 1471 in which Edward IV defeated the Lancastrians

English Civil War - civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I; 1644-1648

Restoration - the re-establishment of the British monarchy in 1660

War of the Roses, Wars of the Roses - struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII

balldress - a suit or dress for formal occasions

Puritanism - the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)

European country, European nation - countries occupying the European continent

Cotswold Hills, Cotswolds - a range of low hills in southwestern England

Pennine Chain, Pennines - a system of hills in England that extend from the Scottish border in the north to the Trent River in the south; forms the watershed for English rivers

Great Britain, UK, United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Britain, GB - a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland

Albion - archaic name for England or Great Britain; used poetically

Anglia - the Latin name for England

Blighty - a slang term for England used by English troops serving abroad

Lancaster - a city in northwestern England

Lake District, Lakeland - a popular tourist area in northwestern England including England's largest lake and highest mountain

British capital, capital of the United Kingdom, Greater London, London - the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

Manchester - a city in northwestern England (30 miles east of Liverpool); heart of the most densely populated area of England

Kingston-upon Hull, Hull - a large fishing port in northeastern England

Liverpool - a large city in northwestern England; its port is the country's major outlet for industrial exports

Brummagem, Birmingham - a city in central England; 2nd largest English city and an important industrial and transportation center

Oxford - a city in southern England northwest of London; site of Oxford University

Cambridge - a city in eastern England on the River Cam; site of Cambridge University

Bath - a town in southwestern England on the River Avon; famous for its hot springs and Roman remains

Blackpool - a resort town in Lancashire in northwestern England on the Irish Sea; famous for its tower

Brighton - a city in East Sussex in southern England that is a popular resort; site of the University of Sussex

Bristol - an industrial city and port in southwestern England near the mouth of the River Avon

Leicester - an industrial city in Leicestershire in central England; built on the site of a Roman settlement