prime factor - the prime factors of a quantity are all of the prime quantities that will exactly divide the given quantity

integer, whole number - any of the natural numbers (positive or negative) or zero

equivalent-binary-digit factor - the average number of binary digits needed to express one radix digit in a non-binary numeration system; on the average a number that can be expressed in N decimal digits takes 3.3N binary digits

common divisor, common factor, common measure - an integer that divides two (or more) other integers evenly

number - a concept of quantity derived from zero and units; "every number has a unique position in the sequence"

denominator - the divisor of a fraction

aliquot, aliquot part - an integer that is an exact divisor of some quantity; "4 is an aliquot part of 12"

aliquant, aliquant part - an integer that is not an exact divisor of some quantity; "5 is an aliquant part of 12"